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Reeducation Through Labor in China
This 1998 paper describes the Chinese "system of detention and punishment administratively imposed on those who are deemed to have committed minor offenses but are not legally considered criminals. Reeducation through labor ... is not to be confused with reform though labor ... the complex of prisons, labor camps, and labor farms for those sentenced judicially." Includes comparison of the criminal and non-criminal systems. From Human Rights Watch.
http://www.hrw.org/legacy/campaigns/china-98/laojiao.htm
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