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Segregation & Discrimination
 Websites presented in alphabetical order The African American Experience in Ohio 1850-1920 
 "This selection of manuscript and printed text and images drawn from the collections of the Ohio Historical Society illuminates the history of black Ohio from 1850 to 1920." Searchable by keyword (including full-text searching of pamphlets and serials published by the African Methodist Episcopal Church), and browsable by subject and source material (manuscripts, pamphlets, photographs, newspapers, and serials). From the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ohshtml/aaeohome.html Topics: Black Resources, Nonfiction by Genre, Photograph Collections: History, U.S. History By Place Last updated Jan 26, 2005 American Communities Project
Using 2000 census data, "these pages offer information and analyses of how the racial and ethnic composition of metropolitan areas has shifted in the last ten years, and how increasing diversity is experienced at the level of local neighborhoods." From Brown University's Initiative in Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences. http://www.s4.brown.edu/S4/projects.htm Topics: Black Resources, Housing, Social Science, Statistics Last updated Jan 11, 2006 Banished: American Ethnic Cleansings
Companion website to a documentary that investigates U.S. communities where blacks where forcibly expelled during the 1860s to the 1920s, and where "even a century later, these towns remain almost entirely white." Read about some of these communities, some of the families who were affected, opinions about reparations and race relations, and other topics explored in the film. Includes a map, video clips, behind-the-scenes material, and related website links. From Independent Lens. http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/banished/ Topics: Black Resources Last updated Jan 24, 2008 The Baton Rouge Bus Boycott of 1953: A Recaptured Past
"This exhibit includes photographs, an historical timeline, and the personal recollections of some of the major figures behind the Baton Rouge [Louisiana] bus boycott," which was "the first successful bus boycott of the 1950s." Includes photos, a chronology of the boycott, background essay, and excerpts from personal recollections of the events. Created by students at McKinley High School in Baton Rouge and Louisiana State University College of Education graduate students. http://www.lib.lsu.edu/special/exhibits/boycott/ Topics: Black Resources, U.S. History By Place Last updated Jan 10, 2008 Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site
This National Historic Site, which consists of "Monroe Elementary School, one of the four segregated elementary schools for African American children in Topeka," Kansas, commemorates "the landmark [1954] Supreme Court decision aimed at ending segregation in public schools." The Web site provides information about visiting the school, material about the main lawsuit and related cases, and a bibliography. http://www.nps.gov/brvb/index.htm Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties, Education Last updated Sep 30, 2009 A Canterbury Tale: A Document Package for Connecticut's Prudence Crandall Affair
Full-text collection of correspondence, excerpts from legal documents, and other material concerning Prudence Crandall's opening (1831) of a boarding school for African American women in Canterbury, Connecticut, and the subsequent Connecticut state law prohibiting the establishment of such a school and trial of Crandall. Presented chronologically. This useful collection could benefit from a brief introduction to the subject. From the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition at Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/glc/crandall/ Topics: Black Resources Last updated Aug 29, 2007 CBC Radio Features: Race Against Time
Excerpts from a two-part program about the first integrated prom held at a high school in Taylor County, Georgia, in 2002. It notes that "[d]espite the fact the classes had been integrated since 1971, the prom ... had been for over 30 years, a whites-only and blacks-only affair." Includes photographs and related readings. From Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) Radio One. Note: significant links are dead but the cited information is on the harvard.edu website. http://www.cbc.ca/ideas/features/race/ Topics: Black Resources, Social Issues Last updated Jun 25, 2008 Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies
Radio program about Rosa Parks (1913-2005), known as the "'mother of the civil rights movement' ... [for turning] the course of American history by refusing in 1955 to give up her seat on a bus for a white man." Includes audio of past interviews with Parks, images, and links to related stories. From National Public Radio (NPR). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4973548 Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties, Notable People: Women Last updated Oct 25, 2005 Diversity Timeline
"An overview of segregation and integration, cultural and gender diversity in American history, from the 1600s" through 1996, presented as a timeline. Part of the PBS series on firefighting, "Test of Courage." http://www.pbs.org/itvs/testofcourage/diversity4.html Topics: Black Resources, Social Issues, Women Last updated Nov 11, 2006 Duluth Lynchings Online Resource: Historical Documents Relating to the Tragic Events of June 15, 1920
This digital collection provides access "to a variety of primary source materials relating to the 1920 lynching of three young black men--Isaac McGhie, Elias Clayton, and Elmer Jackson--in Duluth, Minnesota." It includes background information on the event, newspaper accounts, legal documents, photographs, oral histories, a timeline, and recommended additional online and print resources. Searchable. From the Minnesota Historical Society. http://collections.mnhs.org/duluthlynchings/ Topics: Black Resources, Nonfiction by Genre, Photograph Collections: History, Photograph Collections: Regional: United States, Social Issues, U.S. History By Place Last updated Jan 26, 2005 Fifty Years After "Brown v. Board of Education"
Collection of five radio programs from 2004 about school segregation in California. Topics include a Los Angeles school with a required 40 percent white and 60 percent minority enrollment, desegregation efforts in San Francisco, and "the little-known school desegregation case of 'Mendez v. Westminster'. This California case won access for Mexican Americans to white schools in 1947." From National Public Radio (NPR). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1751945 Topics: Black Resources, California: Education, Education Last updated Jan 2, 2008 From Canterbury to Little Rock: The Struggle for Educational Equality for African Americans
This lesson plan, based on the Prudence Crandall Museum (Canterbury, Connecticut) and Little Rock Central High School (Arkansas), focuses on the examination of historical events at the two locations and on comparing and contrasting of African American education in the 1830s and desegregation of schools in the 1950s. Includes readings, map, and images. Meant for grades 5-12. Part of the Teaching With Historic Places Lesson Plans program of the National Park Service (NPS). http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/crandall/crandall.htm Topics: Black Resources Last updated Aug 29, 2007 From Swastika to Jim Crow
Explores "the little-known story of German refugee scholars who were expelled from their homeland by the Nazis and found new lives at the historically Black colleges in the American South." Includes information on black-Jewish relations and racism in Europe and the United States, a history and profiles of black colleges, lists of famous refugees and students, video clips, a discussion guide, and links. Online companion to the PBS television series of same title. http://www.pbs.org/itvs/fromswastikatojimcrow/ Topics: Black Resources, College and University Education, Judaism, Social Issues Last updated Feb 2, 2005 Greater New Orleans Community Data Center
For New Orleans neighborhoods, "this site contains easy to use Census 2000 data -- this includes households without cars, poverty, age of housing stock and other demographics relevant to the impact of Hurricane Katrina." View maps showing elevation, poverty levels, racial segregation, and other factors. Also includes data on 10 Greater New Orleans parishes from the Census and other state and federal agencies, and links to related sites. http://www.gnocdc.org Topics: Black Resources, Hurricane Katrina, Social Science, U.S. History By Place Last updated Sep 5, 2005 History of CORE
Information about the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), which "was founded in 1942 as the Committee of Racial Equality by an interracial group of students in Chicago." Includes information about the 1963 March on Washington, 1960 "sit-in" at Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, 1964 Freedom Summer, and more. Also includes information about key individuals such as James Chaney, Andy Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, who were killed in 1964 while working for CORE. http://www.core-online.org/ Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties Last updated Jul 5, 2006 The History of Jim Crow
"An educator's site that presents teachers with new historical resources and teaching ideas on one of the most shameful periods in American history." The material includes essays, personal narratives, lesson plans, photographs and historical images, and maps and geographical perspectives on segregation in the United States from the 1870s through the 1950s. "Content was generated by a national collaboration of classroom teachers, working with professional historians." http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/ Topics: Black Resources, Education, Lesson Plans, Photograph Collections: History, Social Issues Last updated Jan 6, 2004 An Imperfect Revolution: Voices From the Desegregation Era
The public radio series American RadioWorks "traveled to Louisville, KY and Charlotte, NC to talk with people about their memories of [racial] integration" in schools. This website features some of the stories, the full audio program and transcript, essays on school desegregation, and links to related websites. From American Public Media. http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/deseg/ Topics: Black Resources Last updated Jan 18, 2008 Jackie Robinson Day
Collection of biographical material and career highlights for Jackie Robinson, who was born January 31, 1919, and who "broke baseball's color barrier" when he was the first African American to play in major league baseball, with the Brooklyn Dodgers in April 15, 1947. Features a timeline, images, video clips from baseball games and interviews, and other material. Jackie Robinson Day is celebrated on April 15. From the official website for Major League Baseball (MLB). http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/events/jrd/ Topics: Baseball, Black Resources Last updated Jan 21, 2008 Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia
Take the virtual tour of the museum or browse through articles presented to "promote racial tolerance by helping people understand the historical and contemporary expressions of intolerance." Each cartoon, caricature, object, and image of African American stereotypes includes historical background notes. From Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan. http://www.ferris.edu/news/jimcrow/ Topics: Black Resources, Collectors & Collecting, Social Issues Last updated Jan 11, 2004 Lasting Legacy: An Apology 65 Years Late
Commentary and reactions to President Bill Clinton's public apology for the federal government-sponsored Tuskegee Study, intended "to examine the impact of syphilis invlolving black men," a forty year experiment (1932-1972) in which subjects had no knowledge of their condition, and were not cured by the doctors who examined them. Transcript of a 1997 "NewsHour with Jim Lehrer" program. From the PBS "Online Newshour." http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/may97/tuskegee_5-16a.html Topics: Black Resources, Diseases & Conditions, Health, Presidents by Name Last updated Feb 1, 2005 The Legacy of Medgar Evers
Information about the legacy of the 1963 murder of Mississippi civil rights leader Medgar Evers. The story notes that "once the leader in the number of lynchings in America, today Mississippi leads in the number of elected black officials." Includes audio of the show, Evers speaking, and the "Ballad of Medgar Evers," sung by the SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) Freedom Singers. Also includes links to related material. From National Public Radio (NPR). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1294360 Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties, Musicians, Social Issues Last updated Jun 15, 2005 Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Archives
This LAFD site provides detailed information on how some major fires were put out. Firefighters' minute-by-minute reports (such as one for the fire that caused $22 million in damage at the Los Angeles Public Library's Central Library) are included. Coverage extends from 1871 to modern times and includes information on fire apparatus, boats, and horses and a special section History of the Black Firemen, October 1897 to September 1956: The Segregated Years . http://www.lafd.org/archives.htm Topics: Black Resources Last updated Jan 31, 2005 Lynching in America
This site features a bibliography of materials about lynching of black Americans in the United States. Also includes links to related sites. From the B. Davis Schwartz Memorial Library, C.W. Post Campus of Long Island (New York) University. Note: Includes graphic images of lynching. http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/african/2000/lynching.htm Topics: Black Resources, Social Issues Last updated Jun 22, 2005 Montgomery Bus Boycott
"Sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was an eleven-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that public bus segregation is unconstitutional." This brief essay discusses the boycott and the events surrounding the act. Includes a bibliography and links to related material. From the Martin Luther King Papers Project, Stanford University. http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_montgomery_bus_boycott_1955_1956/ Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties Last updated Oct 14, 2009 The Murder of Emmett Till
Companion to a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) American Experience program about the 1955 murder of a northern black teenager after he whistled at a white woman in Mississippi. "Till's death was a spark that helped mobilize the civil rights movement." The site features a timeline, information about people and events (such as lynching in the United States), and related material. Also includes a transcript, teacher's guide, a bibliography, and links to related sites. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/till/ Topics: Black Resources, Crime, Judicial Process, Mysteries and More, Social Issues Last updated Jun 15, 2005 The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1850-1950
An overview of "anti-Black violence from the 1880s to the 1950s," including information on lynchings, race riots, and the response of the black community. A curriculum unit by Robert A. Gibson for the Yale-New Haven (Connecticut) Teachers Institute. Includes a bibliography. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/guides/1979/2/79.02.04.x.html Topics: Activism, Black Resources, Social Issues Last updated Jan 26, 2005 Oh Freedom Over Me
This site is a companion to a report from America RadioWorks and National Public Radio (NPR) news about the "Freedom Summer [of 1964], one of the most remarkable chapters in the Southern Civil Rights movement." The site features audio of the radio show, an essay, interview transcripts of selected Freedom Summer veterans, and a slide show about this project in Mississippi that focused on voting rights and education. http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/oh_freedom/ Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties, Education, Politics, Social Issues Last updated Jun 15, 2005 Partners of the Heart
This companion to the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) "American Experience" program of the same title describes the collaboration between Alfred Blalock, a white surgeon, and Vivien Thomas, an African American with a high school education, in the 1944 creation of a heart surgery procedure that would save the lives of thousands of "blue babies." Includes a transcript; information about topics including "race relations, civil rights, segregation, [and] medical advances"; and a resource guide for teachers. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/partners/ Topics: Black Resources, Education, K-12 Education, Medical Treatments & Devices, Social Issues, The Human Body Last updated Feb 2, 2005 The Port Chicago Disaster: A Resource for Students and Teachers
A history of the events of July 17, 1944, when a major explosion rocked the naval base at the mouth of the Sacramento River at Port Chicago, California (now the Concord Naval Weapons Station). The working conditions, explosion, mutiny, court martial, and pardon of black servicemen involved are reviewed. There is also an exploration of the entrenched racism at this base. Includes related questions for teachers and students. From the Contra Costa County (California) Office of Education. http://intergate.cccoe.k12.ca.us/pc/ Topics: Black Resources, California: Education, California: History, K-12 Education, Military, Social Issues, World War II Last updated Nov 9, 2009 Remembering Jim Crow
This site is the companion to an American RadioWorks documentary about Jim Crow segregation in which "for much of the 20th Century, African Americans in the South were barred from the voting booth, sent to the back of the bus, and walled off from many of the rights they deserved as American citizens." The site features excerpts from interviews, sample Jim Crow laws, a bibliography, and links to related sites. http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/remembering/ Topics: Black Resources, Social Issues Last updated May 12, 2004 The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow
Companion to a 2002 television series that "explores segregation from the end of the civil war to the dawn of the modern civil rights movement" and considers "Jim Crow." "Named after a popular 19th-century minstrel song that stereotyped African Americans, 'Jim Crow' came to personify the system of government-sanctioned racial oppression and segregation in the United States." Features maps, profiles of players in the struggle against Jim Crow, photos, video clips, and much more. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/ Topics: Black Resources Last updated Feb 28, 2007 Rosa Parks Library and Museum
The website for this library and museum contains information about Rosa Parks (1913-2005), the black woman whose refusal to give her seat on a public bus to a white man inspired the 1955 civil rights movement event known as the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Includes biographical information, photos, and links to more information about Parks and Montgomery, Alabama, history. From Troy University, Montgomery, Alabama. http://montgomery.troy.edu/museum/ Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties, Notable People: Women Last updated Oct 26, 2005 Rosa Parks: How I Fought for Civil Rights
In this lesson designed for grades seven and eight, "Rosa Parks, 'The Mother of the Modern-day Civil Rights Movement,' describes her pivotal role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott [of 1955-56] and helps students understand the importance of every individual citizen in a democracy." Includes the transcript of an interview with Parks, a brief biography of Parks, and an essay about being arrested, the boycott, and the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. From Scholastic Inc. http://teacher.scholastic.com/rosa/ Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties, Notable People: Women Last updated Oct 26, 2005 Separate Is Not Equal: Brown v. Board of Education
An online companion to a Smithsonian National Museum of American History exhibition commemorating the 50th anniversary (May 17, 2004) of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision. The site traces the history of segregation, the battle for education, and the events leading to the historic decision. Includes an annotated bibliography, a teacher's guide, and a timeline of events leading up to the decision. http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/ Topics: Black Resources, Constitutional Law & Civil Liberties, Education, Holidays and Observances Individually Last updated May 19, 2004 The Springfield Race Riot of 1908
Illustrated presentation about the 1908 Springfield, Illinois, race riot, including "its connection with the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)." Includes a map showing the route of the lynch mob through Springfield on August 15, 1908. A ThinkQuest site. http://library.thinkquest.org/2986/ Topics: Activism, Black Resources, Social Issues Last updated Aug 13, 2008 This Far by Faith: African-American Spiritual Journeys
Companion site to a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) series that "examines the African-American religious experience through the last three centuries. ... [It] explores the connections between faith and the development of African-American cultural values." Features essays, a timeline, profiles, audio and video clips, show transcripts, and related links. http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/ Topics: Black Resources, Labor, Regions of the World Last updated Oct 14, 2004 Tulsa, 1921
This 2001 article from The Nation discusses the Tulsa, Oklahoma, race riots which began on May 31, 1921, and lasted for three days. It includes an historical overview and material first published in the June 15, 1921, and June 29, 1921, issues of the magazine. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20010820/1921tulsa Topics: Activism, Black Resources, Social Issues, U.S. History By Place Last updated Dec 6, 2005 Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
This site features links to information about "one of the most devastating race riots in the history of the United States," which began on May 31, 1921. Sources include "The Final Report of the Race Riot Commission," photographs and a brief overview of the riot, a bibliography, selected articles from Tulsa, Oklahoma, newspapers, and other related links. From the African-American Resource Center of the Tulsa City-County Library. http://www.tulsalibrary.org/aarc/riot/riot.php Topics: Activism, Black Resources, Photograph Collections, Photograph Collections: History, Photograph Collections: Regional: United States, Social Issues, U.S. History By Place Last updated Jun 3, 2008 Violence in the City--an End or a Beginning? A Report by the Governor's Commission on the Los Angeles Riots, December 2, 1965
Full text of the McCone Report, a study commissioned by California Governor Edmund G. Brown concerning the August 1965 Watts riots in Los Angeles. From the the University of Southern California (USC) Libraries. http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/cityinstress/mccone/ Topics: Activism, Black Resources, California: History Last updated Jun 7, 2006 |
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