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African American & Buffalo Soldiers
 Websites presented in alphabetical order "The Triple Nickles": The 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion, 1944-1947 
 History, photographs, names, functions, and other information on this battalion of Black paratroopers. Trained for combat in World War II, these soldiers served in the Pacific Northwest as smokejumpers in Operation Fire Fly, responsible for locating and disposing of Japanese balloon bombs, and also for fire fighting. The battalion was subsequently integrated into the 82nd Airborne Division. From the 555th Parachute Infantry Association, Inc. http://www.triplenickle.com/ Topics: Black Resources, Military, Notable People, Photograph Collections, Photograph Collections: History, World War II Last updated Feb 16, 2004 Black Dispatches: Black American Contributions to Union Intelligence During the Civil War
This site highlights the contributions made by African Americans to the intelligence efforts of the Union during the Civil War, describing the work of several slaves, both male and female, who acted as intelligence agents. According to the author, "Black Dispatches was a common term used among Union military men for intelligence on Confederate forces provided by Negroes." Article originally published in the CIA journal Studies in Intelligence. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/black-dispatches/index.html Topics: Black Resources, Government, Government, United States History, Wars & Conflicts Last updated May 26, 2007 Black History Hotlist
Links for exploring African American history and issues. Topics include Black History Month (February), slavery, abolition, the Underground Railroad, Buffalo soldiers, civil rights movement, Million Man March, poetry, news, people, and much more. From AT&T's Knowledge Network Explorer education program. http://www.kn.sbc.com/wired/BHM/bh_hotlist.html Topics: Black Resources, Labor, Poetry Last updated Sep 4, 2007 Buffalo Soldiers on the Western Frontier
Exhibition describing the role of African Americans in the U.S. Cavalry during the Civil War. Includes history of the 9th and 10th cavalries, daily life on the frontier (with photos), a list of Congressional Medal of Honor recipients, and a bibliography. From the International Museum of the Horse. http://www.imh.org/exhibit.php?exhibition=Buffalo Topics: Black Resources, Photograph Collections: History, U.S. Military, United States History Last updated Oct 29, 2009 Civil War Soldiers & Sailors System
"The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System is a computerized database containing very basic facts about servicemen who served on both sides during the Civil War. ... Other information includes: histories of regiments in both the Union and Confederate Armies, links to descriptions of 384 significant battles of the war, and other historical information. Additional information about soldiers, sailors, regiments, and battles, as well as prisoner-of-war records and cemetery records, will be added over time." http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/ Topics: Black Resources, United States History, Wars & Conflicts Last updated Jan 18, 2005 Fact Sheets: Tuskegee Airmen
Fact sheet about U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) "black fliers, the so-called 'Tuskegee Airmen,' [who] served with distinction in combat and directly contributed to the eventual integration of the U.S. armed services." Provides photos and history of the fliers, starting with the graduation of Tuskegee Institute's "first civilian licensed pilots in May 1940 [which] was the only source of black military pilots in WWII." From the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force (USAF). http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=1356 Topics: Black Resources, U.S. Military Last updated Dec 16, 2008 Integration of the Armed Forces
"Segregation in the [U.S.] military services did not officially end until the Secretary of Defense announced on 30 September 1954 that the last all-black unit had been abolished." Site includes an armed forces integration chronology, and an illustrated history of African American military service during the colonial era, Civil War, World War I, and World War II. From Redstone Arsenal Historic Information. http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/integrate/welcome.html Topics: U.S. Military Last updated Jan 22, 2009 Jack Hamann, Rewriting History in "American Soil"
This companion to a National Public Radio (NPR) program features the text of the first chapter of "On American Soil." Using declassified evidence, Hamann revisits the hanging of an Italian prisoner of war near a U.S. Army base in Washington state and the subsequent court martial of African American soldiers charged with the assault. Includes links to background information, a timeline, and an interview with the author. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4659346 Topics: Activism, Black Resources, Crime, Military, Mysteries and More, U.S. History By Place, Wars & Conflicts Last updated May 26, 2005 Medal of Honor
Full-text listings of more than 3,400 Medal of Honor Citations awarded by the president, in the name of Congress, to U.S. soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen since the decoration's creation in 1861. Categorized by war. Also has statistics, history, bibliography, and section on World War II Black Medal of Honor Recipients. From the U.S. Army Center of Military History. http://www.history.army.mil/moh.html Topics: Black Resources, Statistics, U.S. Military Last updated May 26, 2008 The Port Chicago Disaster: A Resource for Students and Teachers
A history of the events of July 17, 1944, when a major explosion rocked the naval base at the mouth of the Sacramento River at Port Chicago, California (now the Concord Naval Weapons Station). The working conditions, explosion, mutiny, court martial, and pardon of black servicemen involved are reviewed. There is also an exploration of the entrenched racism at this base. Includes related questions for teachers and students. From the Contra Costa County (California) Office of Education. http://intergate.cccoe.k12.ca.us/pc/ Topics: Black Resources, California: Education, California: History, K-12 Education, Military, Social Issues, World War II Last updated Nov 9, 2009 Shadows in the Range of Light: Buffalo Soldiers in the Sierra Nevada
"African American soldiers of the 24th Infantry and 9th Cavalry protected the National Parks of California at the turn of the last century." An unusual, mesmerizing presentation about these pioneers, who are also known as "Yosemite's Buffalo Soldiers." http://shadowsoldier.wilderness.net/ Topics: Black Resources, California: History, National Parks & Forests, Parks, U.S. Military Last updated Jan 12, 2004 Tuskegee Airmen Facts
Fact sheet about the Tuskegee Airmen, "who volunteered [during World War II] to become America's first Black military airmen. ... Tuskegee University was awarded the U.S. Army Air Corps contract to help train America's first Black military aviators." Also includes listings of the squadron officers and airmen (with images of the squadron emblems), and a photo gallery. From Tuskegee University, Alabama. http://www.tuskegee.edu/global/story.asp?s=1127695 Topics: Black Resources, U.S. Military Last updated Dec 15, 2008 Women in Military Service for America Memorial Foundation: Resources
Links to articles on the role of women in the U.S. military beginning with the American Revolution, including essays on Black, Asian-American, Hispanic, and Native American women in the armed forces; a narrative of the struggle for racial equality by Army veterans Sarah Louise Keys and her attorney, Dovey Johnson Roundtree; and an article on military women honored on U.S. postage stamps. From the Women in Military Service for America Memorial Foundation. http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/edresource.html Topics: Black Resources, Native Americans, Notable People: Women, U.S. Military, United States History, Women Last updated Mar 8, 2005 |
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